Análisis y comparación exergética de plantas de potabilización de agua: estudios de caso río Cali y río Cauca
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Beltrán Acevedo, Liliana Rocío
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El análisis exergético es una herramienta útil en la reducción de los impactos ambientales debido a que permite identificar las ineficiencias en el proceso y presenta la opción de reducirlas. En Colombia no hay experiencias que se tienen respecto a los análisis exergéticos en plantas de potabilización. El asunto central de esta investigación es el análisis exergético de las plantas potabilizadoras río Cali y río Cauca en el municipio de Santiago de Cali. La metodología adoptada en esta investigación consiste en un análisis exergético comparativo de estas dos plantas de potabilización, que contempla 4 fases: 1) documentación del estudio, 2) organización de los datos, 3) cálculos de exergía y 4) aplicación del análisis y comparación exergética de las plantas potabilizadoras. A través del análisis exergético se determinó que la planta río Cauca mantiene una exergía química específico superior en todas sus etapas, en comparación con la planta río Cali. Los análisis permitieron identificar la clarificación como una operación crítica del proceso, y se encontró que el coste exergético del agua potable es mayor para la planta Río Cauca (2,58 frente a 1,97), lo cual se relaciona principalmente con la calidad del agua captada. Se concluyó que el análisis exergético es una herramienta que permite evaluar, comparar e identificar oportunidades para mejorar el desempeño del proceso de potabilización de agua.
//ABSTRACT: The exergy analysis is a useful tool in the reduction of negative environmental impacts because it allows to identify the inefficiencies in the process and when identifying them presents the option to reduce them. In Colombia there are no experiences related to the exergy analysis in drinking water treatment plants. The central issue of this research is the exergy analysis of the Cali and Cauca river water treatment plants in the municipality of Santiago de Cali. The methodology adopted in this research consists of a comparative exergy analysis of these two purification plants, which includes 4 phases: 1) study documentation, 2) data organization, 3) exergy calculations and 4) application of the analysis and exergy comparison of purification plants. Through the exergetic analysis it was determined that the Cauca river plant maintains a specific chemical exergy superior in all its stages, in comparison with the Cali river plant. The exergy analysis allowed to identify the clarification as a critical operation of the process, and it was found that product exergy cost is higher for Río Cauca plant (2,58 against 1,97), which is mainly related water quality. It was concluded that the exergy analysis is a tool that allows to evaluate, compare and to identify opportunities to improve the performance of the water potabilization process
//ABSTRACT: The exergy analysis is a useful tool in the reduction of negative environmental impacts because it allows to identify the inefficiencies in the process and when identifying them presents the option to reduce them. In Colombia there are no experiences related to the exergy analysis in drinking water treatment plants. The central issue of this research is the exergy analysis of the Cali and Cauca river water treatment plants in the municipality of Santiago de Cali. The methodology adopted in this research consists of a comparative exergy analysis of these two purification plants, which includes 4 phases: 1) study documentation, 2) data organization, 3) exergy calculations and 4) application of the analysis and exergy comparison of purification plants. Through the exergetic analysis it was determined that the Cauca river plant maintains a specific chemical exergy superior in all its stages, in comparison with the Cali river plant. The exergy analysis allowed to identify the clarification as a critical operation of the process, and it was found that product exergy cost is higher for Río Cauca plant (2,58 against 1,97), which is mainly related water quality. It was concluded that the exergy analysis is a tool that allows to evaluate, compare and to identify opportunities to improve the performance of the water potabilization process