Diseño de suplementación mineral estratégica en la Sabana Inundable en el municipio de Arauca por variaciones estacionales en la composición bromatológica y mineral de las gramíneas nativas
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Espinosa Restrepo, Edgar Leonardo
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Trabajo de grado - Maestría
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EspañolFecha de publicación
2019-08
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El estudio se realizó en el municipio de Arauca en condiciones de sabana inundable con paisajes fisiográficos de banco, banqueta y bajo; se desarrolló en dos fases, la primera consistió en la identificación de las especies nativas de la sabana inundable, iniciando con el reconocimiento morfológico en campo, con previa revisión bibliográfica de las posibles especies de interés forrajero, se implementaron muestreos aleatorios estratificados, en los que se hicieron recolecciones del material que se clasificó como de interés forrajero, el cual se procesó y envió para ser identificado taxonómicamente. Posteriormente, se recolectó material vegetal para ser analizado nutricionalmente, se realizaron 4 análisis de material, dos en fincas, un ensayo en condiciones controladas, e información consignada en la base de datos (Alimentro) de Agrosavia. Se evaluaron las variables; época climática, paisaje fisiográfico, las especies forrajeras y la composición nutricional. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante un Modelo Mixto Lineal Generalizado (GLIMMIX), donde los efectos fijos correspondieron a la tipología del paisaje y estacionalidad (E) frente al comportamiento de variables estructurales y funcionales descrito previamente. El efecto aleatorio fue la especie. Se realizaron análisis bromatológicos mediante química húmeda a la primera y segunda colecta, así mismo todas las colectas se procesaron mediante (NIRS) para predecir la composición nutricional de los forrajes. Las temporadas seca a lluvia y lluvia fueron las que presentaron mejores parámetros nutricionales y contenido mineral, con excepción de la MS, que es mayor naturalmente en la época de seca, de forma opuesta la época de lluvia-seca y la seca se presentaron como las temporadas más críticas nutricionalmente. Bajo esta fundamentación, se decidió formular 4 tipos de sales mineralizadas diferentes; para la transición de seca a lluvia y lluvia, una para el ternero desteto y otra para la vaca lactante, las otras dos para la época de lluvia-seca y seca para los mismos tipos de animales.
Abstract: The study was conducted in the municipality of Arauca in conditions of flooded savanna with physiographic landscapes of banco, banqueta and bajo; It was developed in two phases, the first consisted of the identification of native species of the flooded savanna, starting with the morphological recognition in field, with prior review of the potential forage species, they were implemented a random sampling stratification.in which were collections of material that was classified as interest of forage, which was processed and sent to be taxonomically identified. Subsequently, collected plant material to be nutritionally analyzed, 4 collections of material, two in farms, a trial in controlled conditions, and information contained in the database (Alimentro) of Agrosavia. The variables evaluated were; climate, physiographic landscape, forage species and the nutritional composition. The statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed linear model generalized (GLIMMIX), where the fixed effects corresponded to the typology of the landscape and seasonality (E) against the behavior of structural and functional variables described previously. The random effect was the species. Bromatologic analysis using wet chemistry were done, and also all of the samples were processed using (NIRS) to predict the nutritional composition of forages. With respect to the transition from dry to rainy and rainy seasons arose as the time presenting best nutritional parameters and content of macro minerals, with the exception of the D.M., which is more during the dry season, likewise the time of rainy-dry and dry is presented as the most critical seasons nutritionally. For these reasons, it was decided to make 4 different types of mineralized salts; for the transition from dry to rainy and rainy, one for the weaning calf and another for the beef cows, the other two for the time of rainy-dry and dry seasons to the same types of animal.
Abstract: The study was conducted in the municipality of Arauca in conditions of flooded savanna with physiographic landscapes of banco, banqueta and bajo; It was developed in two phases, the first consisted of the identification of native species of the flooded savanna, starting with the morphological recognition in field, with prior review of the potential forage species, they were implemented a random sampling stratification.in which were collections of material that was classified as interest of forage, which was processed and sent to be taxonomically identified. Subsequently, collected plant material to be nutritionally analyzed, 4 collections of material, two in farms, a trial in controlled conditions, and information contained in the database (Alimentro) of Agrosavia. The variables evaluated were; climate, physiographic landscape, forage species and the nutritional composition. The statistical analysis was conducted using a mixed linear model generalized (GLIMMIX), where the fixed effects corresponded to the typology of the landscape and seasonality (E) against the behavior of structural and functional variables described previously. The random effect was the species. Bromatologic analysis using wet chemistry were done, and also all of the samples were processed using (NIRS) to predict the nutritional composition of forages. With respect to the transition from dry to rainy and rainy seasons arose as the time presenting best nutritional parameters and content of macro minerals, with the exception of the D.M., which is more during the dry season, likewise the time of rainy-dry and dry is presented as the most critical seasons nutritionally. For these reasons, it was decided to make 4 different types of mineralized salts; for the transition from dry to rainy and rainy, one for the weaning calf and another for the beef cows, the other two for the time of rainy-dry and dry seasons to the same types of animal.