Variación en las emisiones contaminantes de los vehículos debido a cambios en la geometría vial en carreteras de Colombia
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Díaz Jaimes, Camila Andrea
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En la actualidad debido a las afectaciones en la salud de las personas y al medio ambiente producidas por la contaminación atmosférica los gobiernos y organizaciones como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas han incluido en sus políticas públicas iniciativas que contribuyan a la disminución de las emisiones, entre estas las emitidas por las fuentes móviles como son los vehículos de transporte.
Las emisiones vehiculares, y su cantidad, se ven afectadas por diferentes parámetros entre ellos la geometría de la carretera, la operación de la carretera y los vehículos, los cuales influyen directa e indirectamente en el aumento del consumo de combustible y así en las emisiones contaminantes.
El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la variación de las emisiones vehiculares debida a cambios geométricos de la carretera. El estudio se realiza con la ayuda de un modelo que permite estimar las emisiones acordes con diferentes parámetros geométricos de la carretera (especialmente la pendiente y curvatura) aplicado a 7 tipos de carretera (según su geometría) y diferentes proyectos viales donde se realicen intervenciones de mejora. Los resultados obtenidos son la cantidad de emisiones vehiculares para dióxido de carbono (CO2), monóxido de carbono (CO), hidrocarburos (HC), óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx), dióxido de azufre SO2 y material particulado (PM).
Se encontró que para las emisiones por tipos de geometría al pasar de una carretera recta y plana a una muy ondulada y sinuosa las emisiones de CO2 en un auto liviano disminuyen el 16% y en los camiones C6 se presenta un aumento del 18%; y en las intervenciones se tiene que cuando disminuyen la curvatura y la pendiente de la carretera las emisiones disminuyen, pero si sólo disminuye la curvatura y hay aumentos en la pendiente, así sean pequeños, las emisiones en general aumentan.
Currently due to the negative effects on human health and the environments caused by the atmospheric pollution governments and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) have included in their public policies some initiatives that contribute to reducing emissions, among these emissions emitted from mobile sources such are the transport vehicles. Vehicle emissions and their quantity are affected by different parameters among them the road geometry, operation of the road and vehicles, which directly and indirectly affect the increase in fuel consumption and thus polluting emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate the variation of vehicle emissions due to geometric changes on the road. This study is carried out with a model that allows to estimate emissions accordingly to different geometric parameters of the road (especially the slope and curvature) applied on 7 types of road (accordant to their geometry) and different roads projects where improvement interventions. The obtained results are the vehicle emissions quantity for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and material particles (PM). It was found that for emissions by type of geometry, when moving from a straight and level road to a winding and severely undulating road, CO2 emissions in a light car decrease 16% and C6 trucks there is an increase in 18%; in the road interventions, it was observed that when the curvature and the slope of the road decrease, the emissions decrease, but if only the curvature changes and there are increases in the slope, so they are small, the emissions in general increase.
Currently due to the negative effects on human health and the environments caused by the atmospheric pollution governments and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) have included in their public policies some initiatives that contribute to reducing emissions, among these emissions emitted from mobile sources such are the transport vehicles. Vehicle emissions and their quantity are affected by different parameters among them the road geometry, operation of the road and vehicles, which directly and indirectly affect the increase in fuel consumption and thus polluting emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate the variation of vehicle emissions due to geometric changes on the road. This study is carried out with a model that allows to estimate emissions accordingly to different geometric parameters of the road (especially the slope and curvature) applied on 7 types of road (accordant to their geometry) and different roads projects where improvement interventions. The obtained results are the vehicle emissions quantity for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and material particles (PM). It was found that for emissions by type of geometry, when moving from a straight and level road to a winding and severely undulating road, CO2 emissions in a light car decrease 16% and C6 trucks there is an increase in 18%; in the road interventions, it was observed that when the curvature and the slope of the road decrease, the emissions decrease, but if only the curvature changes and there are increases in the slope, so they are small, the emissions in general increase.
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Díaz, C. (2020). Variación en las emisiones contaminantes de los vehículos debido a cambios en la geometría vial en carreteras de Colombia (tesis de maestria). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.