Influencia del tratamiento superficial de las fibras de fique en las propiedades mecánicas del compuesto fibra-matriz cementante
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El uso de fibras naturales como refuerzo para materiales de la construcción civil ha crecido en las últimas décadas y abre un nuevo campo de investigación y de industrialización. Estás fibras tienen buenas propiedades mecánicas y presentan las ventajas de ser biodegradables, económicas, y abundantes. Sin embargo, el problema mayor de las fibras naturales es su tendencia a ser muy sensible al medio ambiente alcalino de una matriz cementante, y a degradarse rápidamente, necesitando así un tratamiento preventivo.
En este trabajo se investiga el efecto de dos de estos tratamientos, una alcalinización con hidróxido de sodio y un recubrimiento superficial con parafina liquida, en las propiedades mecánicas un mortero reforzado con fibras. El material compuesto aquí investigado se presenta en forma de láminas de mortero reforzados con tejidos de fique, una fibra natural colombiana.
Se evaluó la eficiencia de los tratamientos en las fibras mediante espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ensayos de tracción, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y medición de la tasa de absorción de agua. Se analizó el comportamiento en flexión de las láminas, calculando la energía promedio absorbida y el esfuerzo máximo admisible.
Se concluyó que ambos tratamientos protegen eficientemente la superficie de las fibras y que no tienen influencia significativa en la resistencia mecánica. El recubrimiento con parafina parece afectar negativamente la capacidad de absorción de energía del material compuesto.
The study of the use of natural fibers as reinforcement for materials in civil construction has grown during the last decades and opens a new field of investigation and industrialization. They have good mechanical properties and present the advantages of being biodegradable, economic, and abundant. However, the major problem of natural fibers is their tendency of being very sensitive to the alkaline environment of a cementitious matrix, and to degrade quite rapidly, thus requiring preventive treatment. This work investigates the effect of two of these treatments, an alkalization with sodium hydroxide, and a superficial covering with liquid paraffin, on the mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced mortar. The composite material thus researched is presented in the form of mortar sheets reinforced with fique fabrics, a natural Colombian fiber. The efficiency of the treatments on the fibers was evaluated by Fourier transform spectrophotometry (FTIR), tensile tests, electronic microscopy observation (SEM) and measurement of the water absorption rate. The bending behavior of the sheets was analyzed, calculating the average energy absorbed and the maximum admissible stress. It was concluded that, without being optimal, both treatments efficiently protect the surface of the fibers and do not have a significant influence on the mechanical resistance. The paraffin coating seems to negatively affect the energy absorption capacity of the composite material.
The study of the use of natural fibers as reinforcement for materials in civil construction has grown during the last decades and opens a new field of investigation and industrialization. They have good mechanical properties and present the advantages of being biodegradable, economic, and abundant. However, the major problem of natural fibers is their tendency of being very sensitive to the alkaline environment of a cementitious matrix, and to degrade quite rapidly, thus requiring preventive treatment. This work investigates the effect of two of these treatments, an alkalization with sodium hydroxide, and a superficial covering with liquid paraffin, on the mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced mortar. The composite material thus researched is presented in the form of mortar sheets reinforced with fique fabrics, a natural Colombian fiber. The efficiency of the treatments on the fibers was evaluated by Fourier transform spectrophotometry (FTIR), tensile tests, electronic microscopy observation (SEM) and measurement of the water absorption rate. The bending behavior of the sheets was analyzed, calculating the average energy absorbed and the maximum admissible stress. It was concluded that, without being optimal, both treatments efficiently protect the surface of the fibers and do not have a significant influence on the mechanical resistance. The paraffin coating seems to negatively affect the energy absorption capacity of the composite material.