Componentes para el manejo integrado de neohydatothrips signifer priesner 1932. (thysanoptera: thripidae) en maracuyá amarillo (passiflora edulis degener) var. flavicarpa, en el departamento del Huila

Abstract

Los trips (Neohydatothrips signifer) son la principal plaga del cultivo de maracuyá, con un potencial de daño hasta del 95% en terminales vegetativos. El manejo convencional para esta plaga está enfocado hacia el uso de insecticidas. Se integran en esta investigación el uso de estrategias de control biológico y químico para el manejo integrado de N. signifer. En las fincas Museñas (2°25´36.7" N y 75°50´40.4" W), La Victoria (2°23´06" N 75°54´34.9" W) y La Beltulfa (2°25´36.9" N y 75°50´40.8" W) del municipio de La Plata (Huila) se establecieron dos parcelas, una bajo el modelo de MIP y otra bajo el manejo tradicional del agricultor; se evaluó las dos estrategias y se comparó los componentes técnicos, ambientales y económicos. Se estableció la densidad poblacional a liberar en campo de Chrysoperla externa de 30,000 larvas por hectárea, la cual controló el 75,05% de adultos de trips en ensayos semiconfinados. El uso de extractos vegetales ajo + ají + cebolla al 10% controló más del 64% ± 5,4 de adultos de trips. La densidad poblacional mostró diferencias significativas entre tratamientos: MIP (3,61 ± 0,402) y el agricultor (4,55 ± 0,504), la incidencia de daño no presentó diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Ambientalmente, el número de aplicaciones por mes, presentó diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, MIP (1,04 ± 0,22), agricultor (3,33 ± 0,22), con ello disminuyó el potencial efecto negativo sobre la población benéfica. El factor económico se basó, en los costos de producción y en el ingreso-costo; los cuales no presentaron diferencias significativas entre el manejo MIP y Agricultor./Abstract. Thrips (Neohydatothrips signifer) are main pest of passion fruit crop (Passiflora edulis Degener) forma flavicarpa, with a potential damage up to 95% in vegetative terminals. Conventional management for this pest is focused on the use of insecticides. The insecticides are part of this research strategy which includes biological and chemical control within an integrated management of Neohydatothrips signifer. On the farms Museñas, (2 ° 25'36 .7 "N 75 ° 50'40 .4 and" W), Victoria (2 ° 23'06 "N 75 ° 54'34 .9" W) and La Beltulfa (2 ° 25'36 .9 "N and 75 ° 50'40 .8" W) in the municipality of La Plata (Huila) two plots were established. The first one, under a PIM model and the other one under the traditional management of farmer strategies. Those two treatments were evaluated and compared technically, environmentally and economically. It was established that the population field density of Chrysoperla externa to release was 30,000 larvae per hectare, which successfully controlled 75,05% of adult thrips under semi-confined trials. With the use of the botanical extracts: (garlic + chili pepper + onion 10%) 64% ± 5,4 of adult thrips were controlled. The population density showed significant differences (P = 0,0117) between treatments: PIM (3,61± 0,402 ) and the farmer (4,55 ± 0,504); between farms, Museñas had the lowest population density of thrips: PIM (1,99) and farmer (2,96). The injury incidence showed no significant differences between treatments. Environmentally, the number of applications showed significant differences between treatments, MIP (1,04 ± 0,22) and farmer (3,33 ± 0,22), meaning a decreased negative effect on the beneficial insects population. The economic factor was based on production costs and the income-cost difference, which did not differ significantly between the MIP and farmer treatments, but the actual data showed a difference in favor of the PIM management.

Abstract: Thrips (Neohydatothrips signifer) are main pest of passion fruit crop (Passiflora edulis Degener) forma flavicarpa, with a potential damage up to 95% in vegetative terminals. Conventional management for this pest is focused on the use of insecticides. The insecticides are part of this research strategy which includes biological and chemical control within an integrated management of Neohydatothrips signifer. On the farms Museñas, (2 ° 25'36 .7 "N 75 ° 50'40 .4 and" W), Victoria (2 ° 23'06 "N 75 ° 54'34 .9" W) and La Beltulfa (2 ° 25'36 .9 "N and 75 ° 50'40 .8" W) in the municipality of La Plata (Huila) two plots were established. The first one, under a PIM model and the other one under the traditional management of farmer strategies. Those two treatments were evaluated and compared technically, environmentally and economically. It was established that the population field density of Chrysoperla externa to release was 30,000 larvae per hectare, which successfully controlled 75,05% of adult thrips under semi-confined trials. With the use of the botanical extracts: (garlic + chili pepper + onion 10%) 64% ± 5,4 of adult thrips were controlled. The population density showed significant differences (P = 0,0117) between treatments: PIM (3,61± 0,402 ) and the farmer (4,55 ± 0,504); between farms, Museñas had the lowest population density of thrips: PIM (1,99) and farmer (2,96). The injury incidence showed no significant differences between treatments. Environmentally, the number of applications showed significant differences between treatments, MIP (1,04 ± 0,22) and farmer (3,33 ± 0,22), meaning a decreased negative effect on the beneficial insects population. The economic factor was based on production costs and the income-cost difference, which did not differ significantly between the MIP and farmer treatments, but the actual data showed a difference in favor of the PIM management.