Efecto de las abejas silvestres en la polinización del café (coffea arabica: rubiaceae) en tres sistemas de producción en el departamento de Antioquia/effect of wild bees on the pollination of coffee (coffea arabica: rubiaceae) in three production systems in the province of Antioquia
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Jaramillo Delgado, Alexander
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En la floración principal del mes de marzo de 2010 en los municipios de Ciudad Bolívar y Venecia, se evaluó el efecto de la polinización en tres sistemas de producción, libre exposición, bajo sombrío y cercano a bosque. En cada sistema, se realizaron cuatro tratamientos; emasculación abierta (polinización cruzada), emasculación cerrada, autopolinización y control; con 15 repeticiones cada uno. Se contó el número promedio de frutos formados y se determinaron los promedios de las variables peso, diámetro polar y ecuatorial en 30 frutos; así como el pH y los grados Brix. El tratamiento emasculación cerrada presentó la mayor pérdida promedio de frutos; en Ciudad Bolívar, en el sistema bajo sombra con 86,58 ± 22,63 % y en Venecia en el sistema a libre exposición de 91,56 ± 9,03 %. El tratamiento emasculación abierta presentó el mayor peso promedio de frutos en el sistema a libre exposición; en Ciudad Bolívar 2,55 ± 0,59 g y en Venecia 2,68 ± 0,36 g. La semilla presentó mayor peso promedio en el tratamiento emasculación abierta en los tres sistemas de producción, en Ciudad Bolívar con 1,57 ± 0,18g y Venecia 1,55 ± 0,23 g. Esta misma tendencia se observó para la variable grados Brix, con 13,2 ± 0,32 y 18 ± 0,27 para Ciudad Bolívar y Venecia respectivamente. La polinización cruzada cumple un papel relevante en la producción y calidad de los frutos de café, aun cuando se reportan valores de autopolinización superiores del 90%./Abstract. During the main flowering in March 2010 in the municipalities of Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia, we evaluated the effect of pollination in three production systems: free exposure, under shade and near the forest. In each systems, four treatments were carried out; open emasculation (crossed pollination), closed emasculation, self-pollination and control; with 15 repetitions each. We counted the average number of formed fruits and determined the mean of the variables weight, ecuatorial and polar diameters in 30 fruits; as well as pH and Brix degrees. The closed emasculation treatment showed the highest average loss in fruits; in Ciudad Bolívar, in the shaded system with 86,58 ± 22,63 % and in Venecia in the free exposure system 91,56 ± 9,03 %. The open emasculation system presented the highest average weight in fruits in the free exposure system; in Ciudad Bolívar with 1,57 ± 0,18g and Venecia 1,55 ± 0,23 g. The same trend was observed for the Brix degree variable, with 13,2 ± 0,32 and 18 ± 0,27 for Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia respectively. Crossed pollination plays a relevant role in the production and quality of coffee fruits, even when self-pollination values higher than 90% are reported.
Abstract: During the main flowering in March 2010 in the municipalities of Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia, we evaluated the effect of pollination in three production systems: free exposure, under shade and near the forest. In each systems, four treatments were carried out; open emasculation (crossed pollination), closed emasculation, self-pollination and control; with 15 repetitions each. We counted the average number of formed fruits and determined the mean of the variables weight, ecuatorial and polar diameters in 30 fruits; as well as pH and Brix degrees. The closed emasculation treatment showed the highest average loss in fruits; in Ciudad Bolívar, in the shaded system with 86,58 ± 22,63 % and in Venecia in the free exposure system 91,56 ± 9,03 %. The open emasculation system presented the highest average weight in fruits in the free exposure system; in Ciudad Bolívar with 1,57 ± 0,18g and Venecia 1,55 ± 0,23 g. The same trend was observed for the Brix degree variable, with 13,2 ± 0,32 and 18 ± 0,27 for Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia respectively. Crossed pollination plays a relevant role in the production and quality of coffee fruits, even when self-pollination values higher than 90% are reported.
Abstract: During the main flowering in March 2010 in the municipalities of Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia, we evaluated the effect of pollination in three production systems: free exposure, under shade and near the forest. In each systems, four treatments were carried out; open emasculation (crossed pollination), closed emasculation, self-pollination and control; with 15 repetitions each. We counted the average number of formed fruits and determined the mean of the variables weight, ecuatorial and polar diameters in 30 fruits; as well as pH and Brix degrees. The closed emasculation treatment showed the highest average loss in fruits; in Ciudad Bolívar, in the shaded system with 86,58 ± 22,63 % and in Venecia in the free exposure system 91,56 ± 9,03 %. The open emasculation system presented the highest average weight in fruits in the free exposure system; in Ciudad Bolívar with 1,57 ± 0,18g and Venecia 1,55 ± 0,23 g. The same trend was observed for the Brix degree variable, with 13,2 ± 0,32 and 18 ± 0,27 for Ciudad Bolívar and Venecia respectively. Crossed pollination plays a relevant role in the production and quality of coffee fruits, even when self-pollination values higher than 90% are reported.