Diseño de una estrategia de gestión de cambio basada en el análisis de la cultura organizacional : Un estudio sobre el contraste cultural España – Colombia en una multinacional
dc.contributor.advisor | Pantoja Ospina, Martín Alonso | |
dc.contributor.author | Sánchez Ortiz, Víctor Hugo | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-06-20T12:36:52Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-06-20T12:36:52Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
dc.description | graficas, ilustraciones, tablas | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una estrategia de gestión del cambio basada en el análisis de la cultura organizacional de una multinacional española con presencia en Colombia. La finalidad es fortalecer su capacidad de adaptación y respuesta ante un entorno empresarial dinámico y altamente competitivo. Para ello, se tomaron como referencia dos modelos teóricos ampliamente reconocidos. En primer lugar, el modelo de gestión del cambio de Kotter, compuesto por ocho pasos que estructuran el proceso de transformación organizacional y en segundo lugar, el modelo de cultura organizacional de Hofstede, que, a través de seis dimensiones, permitió analizar las características culturales de ambas sedes y su influencia en la gestión del cambio. A partir de estos modelos, se diseñó un instrumento de medición cualitativo estructurado de la siguiente manera: • Preguntas demográficas (6 preguntas): Orientadas a caracterizar la muestra y contextualizar los resultados. • Values Survey Module (VSM 2013) de Hofstede (24 preguntas): Utilizado para evaluar las dimensiones culturales presentes en la organización y comparar las diferencias entre las sedes de Colombia y España. • Cuestionario basado en los ocho pasos de Kotter (24 preguntas): Diseñado para analizar la percepción y experiencia de los empleados frente a los procesos de cambio en la empresa. Este instrumento, conformado por 54 preguntas en total, fue aplicado a 31 empleados en la sede de Colombia y a 28 en la sede de España. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y de correlación, lo que permitió identificar patrones, relaciones y diferencias significativas en la forma en que los empleados perciben y responden al cambio organizacional según su contexto cultural. Los resultados evidenciaron que la cultura organizacional juega un papel determinante en la implementación de cambios, ya que impacta la manera en que los empleados afrontan y asimilan las transformaciones. Se identificaron diferencias significativas en la percepción y respuesta al cambio entre las sedes de Colombia y España, influenciadas por características culturales específicas de cada país. En conclusión, se determinó que una estrategia de gestión del cambio efectiva en esta multinacional debe considerar las particularidades culturales de cada sede para lograr una implementación exitosa. Un enfoque homogéneo podría generar resistencia y limitar la efectividad del cambio, mientras que una estrategia adaptada a las diferencias culturales facilita la adopción y sostenibilidad del cambio a lo largo del tiempo. En este sentido, el estudio resalta la importancia de una comunicación clara, un liderazgo cercano y la participación de los empleados como factores clave para gestionar el cambio de manera efectiva en contextos multiculturales (Texto tomado de la fuente). | spa |
dc.description.abstract | This research aims to design a change management strategy based on the analysis of the organizational culture of a Spanish multinational with a presence in Colombia. The objective is to strengthen its ability to adapt and respond to a dynamic and highly competitive business environment. To achieve this, two widely recognized theoretical models were used as a reference. First, Kotter’s change management model, which consists of eight steps that structure the organizational transformation process. Second, Hofstede’s organizational culture model, which, through six dimensions, allowed for an analysis of the cultural characteristics of both locations and their influence on change management. Based on these models, a qualitative measurement instrument was designed with the following structure: • Demographic questions (6 questions): Aimed at characterizing the sample and contextualizing the results. • Values Survey Module (VSM 2013) by Hofstede (24 questions): Used to assess the cultural dimensions present in the organization and compare the differences between the Colombia and Spain offices. • Questionnaire based on Kotter’s eight steps (24 questions): Designed to analyze employees' perception and experience regarding change processes within the company. This instrument, consisting of a total of 54 questions, was applied to 31 employees in the Colombia office and 28 in the Spain office. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive, bivariate, and correlation analysis, which allowed for the identification of patterns, relationships, and significant differences in how employees perceive and respond to organizational change based on their cultural context. The results demonstrated that organizational culture plays a crucial role in the implementation of changes, as it impacts how employees face and assimilate transformations. Significant differences were identified in the perception and response to change between the Colombia and Spain offices, influenced by specific cultural characteristics of each country. In conclusion, it was determined that an effective change management strategy in this multinational must consider the cultural particularities of each office to achieve successful implementation. A homogeneous approach could generate resistance and limit the effectiveness of change, whereas a strategy adapted to cultural differences facilitates adoption and ensures the sustainability of change over time. In this regard, the study highlights the importance of clear communication, close leadership, and employee participation as key factors in effectively managing change in multicultural contexts. | eng |
dc.description.curriculararea | Administración.Sede Manizales | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Administración | spa |
dc.description.researcharea | Gestión de cambio y cultura organizacional | spa |
dc.format.extent | 186 páginas | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.identifier.instname | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.reponame | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.identifier.repourl | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | spa |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88238 | |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.branch | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Administración | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Manizales, Colombia | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Manizales - Administración - Maestría en Administración | spa |
dc.relation.references | Herold, D. M., Fedor, D. B., & Caldwell, S. (2008). A multi-level study of the effects of leadership and change recipient attitudes on reactions to organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 345-354. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Hiatt, J. M. (2006). ADKAR: A model for change in business, government, and our community. Prosci Research. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage Publications. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 5-21. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. McGraw-Hill. | spa |
dc.relation.references | House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Howard, L. W. (1998). Validating the competing values model as a representation of organizational cultures. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 6(3), 231-250. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., de Luque, M. S., & House, R. J. (2006). In the eye of the beholder: Cross cultural lessons in leadership from project GLOBE. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 67-90. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). The Strategy-Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment. Harvard Business Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. L. (2009). Immunity to Change: How to Overcome It and Unlock the Potential in Yourself and Your Organization. Harvard Business Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Gibson, C. B. (2006). A quarter century of culture’s consequences: A review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kolen, M. J., & Brennan, R. L. (2004). Test Equating: Methods and Practices (2nd ed.). Springer. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Harvard Business Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading Change. Harvard Business Review Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kotter, J. P., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2008). "Choosing Strategies for Change." Harvard Business Review. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kraut, R. E., et al. (2002). Building successful virtual teams. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 45(1), 2-18. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. Macmillan. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in Group Dynamics. Human Relations, 1(1), 5-41. | spa |
dc.relation.references | López, J. A. (2017). La gestión del cambio en entornos multiculturales. Editorial Cívitas. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Luecke, R. (2003). Managing change and transition. Harvard Business Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Martin, J. (2002). Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Martins, E. C., & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organizational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Méndez, L. M., & Peña, J. A. (2009). Manual práctico para el diseño de la escala de Likert. (P. 61) | spa |
dc.relation.references | Miller, D. W., & Thate, M. J. (2024). Lead with integrity: Explore the ethics of organizational change | spa |
dc.relation.references | Minkov, M. (2007). What Makes Us Different and Similar: A New Interpretation of the World Values Survey and Other Cross-Cultural Data. Sofia: Klasika i Stil Publishing House. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Moran, J. W., & Brightman, B. K. (2001). Leading organizational change. Career Development International, 6(2), 111-119. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Neumann, M., Kuchel, T., Diebold, P., & Schön, E.-M. (2024). Agile Culture Clash: Unveiling Challenges in Cultivating an Agile Mindset in Organizations | spa |
dc.relation.references | Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Pacheco-Villamil, F. (2007). La validación de escalas y la evaluación de sus propiedades psicométricas. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 39(3), 483-501. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Peltokorpi, V. (2006). Cultural influences on international management: The Uncertainty Avoidance dimension. Helsinki School of Economics. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H. (1980). In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies. Harper & Row. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Porras, J. I., & Robertson, P. J. (1992). Organizational development: Theory, practice, and research. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, 3, 719-822. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Prosci. (2019). Change Management: The Prosci Methodology. Prosci | spa |
dc.relation.references | Prosci. (2020). The Prosci ADKAR Model: A model for change in business, government and our community. Prosci. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Reay, T., Golden-Biddle, K., & Germain, M. (2013). Legitimizing a new organizational identity: Three practices of insider-outsider collaboration. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 49(1), 20-47. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Robinson, R. B. (1990). The McKinsey 7-S framework: A tool for managing organizational change. Journal of Business Strategy, 11(1), 52-58. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Robledo, S., Zuluaga, M. V., Valencia-Hernández, L.-A., & Arbeláez-Echeverri, O. (2022). Tree of Science with Scopus: A Shiny Application. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership (1st ed.). Jossey-Bass. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). Jossey-Bass. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Sharma, R. (2024). Organizational Culture and Change Management: Strategies for Fostering Adaptability and Resilience. Journal of Advanced Management Studies, 1(2), 25–30. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F., & Schwartz, S. H. (2002). Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior: A 47-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(2), 188-208. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Spearman, C. (1904). "The proof and measurement of association between two things." The American Journal of Psychology, 15(1), 72-101. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Todnem By, R. (2005). Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4), 369-380. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Tushman, M. L., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous organizations: Managing evolutionary and revolutionary change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-30. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Waterman, R. H., Peters, T. J., & Phillips, J. R. (1980). Structure Is Not Organization. Business Horizons, 23(3), 14-26. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Wiese, S. A., Lehmann, J., & Beckmann, M. (2024). Organizational culture and the usage of Industry 4.0 technologies: evidence from Swiss businesses. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Yeganeh, H., & Su, Z. (2006). Conceptual foundations of cultural management research. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 6(3), 361-376. | spa |
dc.relation.references | Zammuto, R. F., Gifford, B., & Goodman, E. A. (2000). Managerial ideologies, organizational culture, and the outcomes of innovation: A competing values perspective. In N. Ashkanasy, C. Wilderom, & M. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of organizational culture & climate (pp. 261-278). Sage Publications. | spa |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.license | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | spa |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | spa |
dc.subject.ddc | 500 - Ciencias naturales y matemáticas::506 - Organización y gerencia | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Gestión de cambio | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Cultura organizacional | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Multinacional | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Colombia y España | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Change management | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Organizational culture | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Multinational | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Colombia and Spain | eng |
dc.subject.unesco | Cultura del trabajo | spa |
dc.subject.unesco | Culture of work | eng |
dc.subject.unesco | Organizational change | eng |
dc.subject.unesco | Cambio organizacional | spa |
dc.title | Diseño de una estrategia de gestión de cambio basada en el análisis de la cultura organizacional : Un estudio sobre el contraste cultural España – Colombia en una multinacional | spa |
dc.title.translated | Design of a change management strategy based on organizational culture análisis : A study on the cultural contrast between Spain and Colombia in a multinational company | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Administradores | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Estudiantes | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Investigadores | spa |
dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopment | Público general | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
Archivos
Bloque original
1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- 1053776661.2025.pdf
- Tamaño:
- 3.27 MB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Descripción:
- Tesis de Maestría en Administración
Bloque de licencias
1 - 2 de 2
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- license.txt
- Tamaño:
- 5.74 KB
- Formato:
- Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
- Descripción:
Cargando...
- Nombre:
- Formato Licencia para publicación de obras en el Repositorio Institucional UNAL v4.pdf
- Tamaño:
- 218.18 KB
- Formato:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Descripción:
- Licencia