Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de la resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella spp. provenientes de granjas avícolas

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dc.contributor.advisorGómez Ramírez, Arlen Patriciaspa
dc.contributor.advisorÁlvarez Mira, Diana Marcelaspa
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Beltrán, Karen Lorenaspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupMicrobiología y Epidemiología – Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, UNAL Bogotáspa
dc.coverage.countryColombiaspa
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-28T13:15:28Z
dc.date.available2025-07-28T13:15:28Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionilustraciones a color, diagramas, tablasspa
dc.description.abstractSalmonelosis es una de las enfermedades más importantes para la industria avícola y una de las causas de intoxicación alimentaria en humanos debido al potencial zoonótico de algunos serovares. El uso inapropiado de antimicrobianos como profilácticos y promotores de crecimiento en industria pecuaria ha contribuido al desarrollo de resistencia en las bacterias de este género. Por esta razón, es importante identificar los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) como parte de las medidas de control. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el perfil fenotípico y genotípico asociado con RAM de aislamientos de Salmonella spp., obtenidos de granjas avícolas en tres departamentos del país. Para cumplir este objetivo, se realizó la técnica de Kirby-Bauer en aislamientos de Salmonella spp. de la colección de cepas del Laboratorio de Patología Aviar; de esta manera, se determinaron los perfiles fenotípicos. Para los genotipos de RAM, se evaluaron 20 genes mediadores de los mecanismos de resistencia contra diferentes familias de antibióticos. Como resultado de esta investigación, se encontró una mayor RAM en las muestras ambientales (90%) en comparación con las obtenidas de aves (20%). El gen integrón se detectó en el 24% de los aislados. S. Infantis mostró la mayor RAM frente a casi todos los antibióticos evaluados. El serovar con menor RAM fue S. Gallinarum. En conclusión, el estudio revela RAM en aislados de Salmonella spp. de granjas avícolas, particularmente en muestras ambientales, destacando la importancia de los monitoreos en estos entornos. La detección del gen integrón en los aislados sugiere una posible transferencia horizontal de genes de RAM, complicando el control y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Este estudio proporciona información para el desarrollo de estrategias que controlen la RAM, protegiendo la salud animal y humana frente a los riesgos que representa este patógeno (Texto tomado de la fuente).spa
dc.description.abstractSalmonellosis is one of the most significant diseases affecting the poultry industry and a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans due to the zoonotic potential of certain serovars. The inappropriate use of antimicrobials as prophylactics and growth promoters in the livestock industry has contributed to the development of resistance in bacteria of this genus. Therefore, identifying antimicrobial resistance profiles (AMR) is crucial as part of control measures. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profiles associated with AMR in Salmonella spp. isolates obtained from poultry farms in three regions of the country. To achieve this, the Kirby-Bauer technique was applied to Salmonella spp. isolates from the Avian Pathology Laboratory's strain collection, allowing the determination of phenotypic profiles. For AMR genotypes, 20 genes associated with resistance mechanisms against various antibiotic families were evaluated. As a result of this research, a higher AMR was observed in environmental samples (90%) compared to those obtained from poultry (20%). The integron gene was detected in 24% of the isolates. S. Infantis exhibited the highest AMR against nearly all antibiotics tested, while S. Gallinarum showed the lowest AMR. In conclusion, the study reveals the presence of AMR in Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry farms, particularly in environmental samples, emphasizing the importance of monitoring these environments. The detection of the integron gene suggests the potential for horizontal gene transfer of AMR genes, complicating the control and treatment of this disease. This study provides valuable information for the development of strategies to control AMR, thereby safeguarding both animal and human health from the risks posed by this pathogen.eng
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Salud Animal o Magíster en Producción Animalspa
dc.description.methodsSe empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Se trabajó con aislamientos de Salmonella spp. provenientes de granjas avícolas de tres departamentos de Colombia, conservados en el banco de cepas del Laboratorio de Patología Aviar de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. La caracterización fenotípica de resistencia antimicrobiana se realizó mediante el método de difusión en disco de Kirby-Bauer, y la caracterización genotípica mediante PCR múltiplex para detección de genes asociados a resistencia. Finalmente, se aplicaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos y de correlación entre los perfiles fenotípico y genotípico.spa
dc.description.researchareaMicrobiología molecular: resistencia antimicrobiana y virulencia en patógenos veterinariosspa
dc.format.extentxv, 104 páginasspa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.instnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.reponameRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.repourlhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/spa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/88383
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotáspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecniaspa
dc.publisher.placeBogotá, Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.programBogotá - Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia - Maestría en Salud y Producción Animalspa
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dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc570 - Biologíaspa
dc.subject.ddc590 - Animalesspa
dc.subject.ddc610 - Medicina y saludspa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasspa
dc.subject.lembSALMONELOSIS EN ANIMALESspa
dc.subject.lembSalmonellosis in animalseng
dc.subject.lembENFERMEDADES BACTERIANAS EN ANIMALESspa
dc.subject.lembBacterial diseases in animalseng
dc.subject.lembBACTERIOLOGIA VETERINARIAspa
dc.subject.lembVeterinary bacteriologyeng
dc.subject.lembINDUSTRIA AVICOLAspa
dc.subject.lembPoultry industryeng
dc.subject.lembCONTROL DE AVES DE CORRALspa
dc.subject.lembPoultry inspectioneng
dc.subject.proposalAves de corralspa
dc.subject.proposalResistencia antimicrobianaspa
dc.subject.proposalSalmonelosisspa
dc.subject.proposalSalud Públicaspa
dc.subject.proposalAMReng
dc.subject.proposalOne Healtheng
dc.subject.proposalPoultryeng
dc.subject.proposalPublic healtheng
dc.subject.proposalSalmonellosiseng
dc.titleCaracterización fenotípica y genotípica de la resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos de Salmonella spp. provenientes de granjas avícolas
dc.title.translatedPhenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. isolates from poultry farmseng
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
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dcterms.audience.professionaldevelopmentInvestigadoresspa
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