Evaluación de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de rhynchophorus palmarum (coleoptera: curculionidae) principal plaga del cultivo de coco (cocos nucifera l.) en Colombia

dc.contributor.advisorGranada García, Sinar Davidspa
dc.contributor.authorLópez Luján, Lorena Maríaspa
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.contributor.researchgroupFitosanidad y Control Biológicospa
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-27T16:23:23Zspa
dc.date.available2020-08-27T16:23:23Zspa
dc.date.issued2020-08-21spa
dc.description.abstractLa palma de coco (Cocos nucifera L.) es considerada una de las plantas más importantes en términos de seguridad alimentaria en el mundo especialmente para la subsistencia de comunidades costeras del trópico y subtrópico. En Colombia el coco es un sistema productivo en crecimiento del que se generan 145.290 toneladas por año. Pese a esto, se encuentra amenazado por la enfermedad del “anillo rojo”, que es ocasionada por el nemátodo Bursaphelenchus cocophilus cuyo vector es el insecto Rhynchophorus palmarum. El control de esta enfermedad se realiza regulando las poblaciones de R. palmarum con insecticidas sintéticos, ya que ningún método es útil frente al nemátodo; sin embargo, tampoco se ha evidenciado una eficiencia adecuada de los métodos químicos empleados frente al insecto. Los hongos entomopatógenos se han implementado ampliamente como alternativa al uso de insecticidas sintéticos. En este trabajo, se evaluaron hongos entomopatógenos frente a R. palmarum como fundamento para el control de la diseminación de la enfermedad del anillo rojo en palmas de coco. Para esto, se aislaron hongos entomopatógenos a partir de individuos de R. palmarum y muestras de suelos provenientes de cultivos de coco. Estos aislamientos se seleccionaron por su actividad quitinolítica y por su actividad controladora frente a un modelo biológico (Acanthoscelides obtectus), para luego ser evaluados frente a larvas y adultos de R. palmarum. Adicionalmente, se buscaron estrategias para optimizar la propagación de los entomopatógenos más eficaces. Los resultados de producción de enzimas quitinolíticas destacaron seis aislamientos, los cuales se identificaron molecularmente. Dos de estos aislamientos, Beauveria bassiana CSU9 y Trichoderma virens CSC11, presentaron actividad insecticida frente a A. obtectus con Tiempos Letales 50 (LT50) de 5 y 4 días, respectivamente. Las pruebas de infección sobre larvas y adultos de R. palmarum mostraron alta efectividad de B. bassiana CSU9 alcanzando LT50 de 0.76 y 14,37 días, respectivamente. Se validaron las condiciones de fermentación para la producción conidias de B. bassiana CSU9 y se optimizaron las condiciones de producción de conidias en fermentación sólida de T. virens CSC11. El rendimiento máximo de B. bassiana CSU9 se alcanzó el día 4 con una concentración de 2,5 x 109 conidias/mL, y el de T. virens CSC11 al día 8, con 1,6x109 conidias/g. Estos resultados demuestran el potencial que tienen los hongos entomopatógenos nativos para controlar R. palmarum, representando un recurso viable para el desarrollo de productos que puedan ser articulados a programas de manejo integrado de plagas.spa
dc.description.abstractCoconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is considered one of the most important plants in terms of food safety. Coconut in Colombia is a growing production system which generates 145,290 tons per year. Despite this, the crops of this palm are threatened by the "red ring" disease, which is caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus whose vector is the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum. The control of this disease is carried out by the regulation of R. palmarum populations by synthetic insecticides, since no other method is useful against the nematode; however, no clear evidence of the efficiency of the chemical has been proved against the insect. Entomopathogen fungi have been widely implemented as an alternative to the use of synthetic insecticides. In the present work, entomopathogenic fungi against R. palmarum were evaluated as a basis to control the spreading of red ring disease in coconut palms. For this purpose, entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from R. palmarum individuals and soil samples from coconut crops. Fungi isolates were selected based on their chitinolytic activity and bioactivity against a model insect (Acanthoscelides obtectus). The promising isolates were evaluated against larvae and adults of R. palmarum. In addition, strategies were sought to optimize the spread of the most effective entomopathogens. The production results of chitinolytic enzymes highlighted six isolations, which were molecularly identified. Two of these isolates, Beauveria bassiana CSU9 and Trichoderma virens CSC11, presented insecticidal activity against A. obtectus with Lethal Times 50 (LT50) of 5 and 4 days, respectively. The infection tests on larvae and adults of R. palmarum showed high effectiveness of B. bassiana CSU9 reaching LT50 of 0.76 and 14.37 days, respectively. The fermentation conditions for the production of conidia of B. bassiana CSU9 were validated and the production conditions of conidia in solid fermentation of T. virens CSC11 were optimized. The maximum yield of B. bassiana CSU9 was reached on day 4 with a concentration of 2.5 x 109 conidia / mL, and that of T. virens CSC11 on day 8, with 1.6x109 conidia / g. These results demonstrate the potential of native entomopathogenic fungi to control R. palmarum, representing a viable resource for the development of products that can be linked to integrated pest management programs.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.sponsorshipMinciencias, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Colegio Mayor de Antioquiaspa
dc.format.extent111spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationLópez, L. (2020). EVALUACIÓN DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATÓGENOS PARA EL CONTROL DE Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) PRINCIPAL PLAGA DEL CULTIVO DE COCO (Cocos nucifera L.) EN COLOMBIA. Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/78271
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisher.branchUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellínspa
dc.publisher.departmentEscuela de biocienciasspa
dc.publisher.programMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnologíaspa
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dc.rightsDerechos reservados - Universidad Nacional de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.licenseAtribución-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.rights.spaAcceso abiertospa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/spa
dc.subject.ddc630 - Agricultura y tecnologías relacionadasspa
dc.subject.ddc660 - Ingeniería químicaspa
dc.subject.proposalEntomopathogen funguseng
dc.subject.proposalentomopatógenospa
dc.subject.proposalBeauveria bassianaspa
dc.subject.proposalBeauveria bassianaeng
dc.subject.proposalTrichoderma virenseng
dc.subject.proposalTrichoderma virensspa
dc.subject.proposalchitinolytic activityeng
dc.subject.proposalactividad quitinolíticaspa
dc.subject.proposalcontrol biológicospa
dc.subject.proposalbiological controleng
dc.subject.proposalRhynchophorus palmarumspa
dc.subject.proposalRhynchophorus palmarumeng
dc.titleEvaluación de hongos entomopatógenos para el control de rhynchophorus palmarum (coleoptera: curculionidae) principal plaga del cultivo de coco (cocos nucifera l.) en Colombiaspa
dc.title.alternativeEvaluation of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of Rhynchophorus palmarum (coleoptera: curculionidae) main pest of coconut crops (cocos nucifera L.) in Colombiaspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaspa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionspa
oaire.accessrightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa

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